Year in review: Pacific Plate slides over slick layer

Mantle might not drive movements after all

ship ocean

SHAKY GROUND  Researchers drag sensors across the ocean near New Zealand to study ocean floor vibrations, adding data to the debate about how the Earth moves deep underground.

NZP&M

With 6,000 kilograms of dynamite and an ear to the ground, a team of geologists shook the understanding of plate tectonics this year.