Atom breaks limit of lost electrons

Blasted with a laser, iridium sets record for highest oxidation state: +9

For atoms, bonding involves a give, take and sharing of electrons. For more than 100 years, scientists thought that eight electrons was the limit of a single atom’s generosity. But now it’s nine.

By blasting an iridium oxide compound with a laser, researchers detected the first atom, iridium, to give up nine of its electrons.