Ancient people may have survived desert droughts by melting ice in lava tubes

Charcoal bands in a New Mexico cave ice core track with five periods of drought over 800 years

Lava tube in New Mexico

Lava tubes like this one can be found throughout El Malpais National Monument in New Mexico. The ice accumulated in their naturally cool interiors provided people in the area with a freshwater source during droughts for hundreds of years.

 

Bogdan Onac

During a parched summer almost 2,000 years ago, people living in what is now western New Mexico crawled into the cold, dark belly of a volcanically formed cave to melt the frozen water at its heart.