Rise of female weaponry driven by poop fights

Maternal battles over dung resources favored evolution of horns

So many moms, so little fresh excrement.

BRING IT In females of the beetle Onthophagus sagittarius, competition for dung to wrap eggs and feed young favors the evolution of exaggerated horns. Sean Stankowski

VENUS AND MARS Both of these dung beetles belong to the same species, but the horns of the female (right) lie centrally positioned like a rhino’s and probably evolved independently from the side-by-side horns of the male (left).